TRACE THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF NIGERIA THAT LEAD TO THE PRESENT

TRACE THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF NIGERIA THAT LEAD TO THE PRESENT The history of Nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers living in the area early as 11,000 Bc, numerous ancient African civilizations settled in the region that is body Nigeria. An example of one of the civilizations that settled in Nigeria is the Nri Kingdom. Islam reached Nigeria through the Hausa States during the 11th century. The Songhai Empire also occupied part of the region .Lagos was capture by British forces in 1851 and formally annexed in 1861. Nigeria became a British protectorate in 1901. Colonization casted until 1960’s when an independence movement succeeded in gaining Nigeria its independence. Nigeria first became a republic in 1963, but succumbed to military rule in 1966 after a bloody coup detate. A separatist movement later formed the republic of Biafra in 1967, leading to the three year Nigeria civil war ‘ Nigeria become a republic once again after a new constitution was written in 1979,however the republic was short-lived when the military  led by major general Mohammed Buhari seize again four years later. Buhari was overthrown and a new republic was founded in august 1993, but was dissolved once again by General Sani Abacha in November that same year, Abacha died in 1998 and a fouth republic was later established the following year ending three decades of intermittent military rule. PREHISTORY  Early history     pre – 1500 Pre – colonial period   1500 – 1800  British period    1800 - 1960 First republic    1960 - 1979 Civil war    1967 - 1970 Second republic    1979 – 1983 Third Republic    1993 – 1999 Fourth Republic   1999 – present  In January of 1966, a group of army officers, consisting mostly of the Ibo people and led by general Johnson Aguiyi-ironsi, overthrow  the central and regional governments killed the prime minister, took control of the government to replace it with a central government with many Igbos were killed in the process. In 1979 Nigeria retunes to civilian government rule in October, electing Sheu Shagari as president of second republic. 1980s – 1983 Sheu Shagari regimes is deposed in December, as a military coup out the democratically elected government.  1985 a second coup ushers in a regime headed by Gen, Ibrahim Babangida, he later promises new elections. 1990 – 1997.  1995 in October, Gen Abach vows he will step down in three years after reforms are complete.  1998 may, 7 Nigeria announces that it has freed 142 prisoners on orders of general Abacha, June 8: Abach does at his villa in the Nigerian capital he is quickly replaced by a closely Maj, Gen Abdulsalam Abubakar. And he promises that free election will be held in early 1999and a civilian sworn in as president of Nigeria on may 29 1999. February 27 Nigerians vote for a civilians president in an election marred by claims of voter fraud and irregularities two days later, Nigeria election commission confirms the  Winner forms military ruler Olusegun Obasanjo . 29 may 2007 Umar Musa Yar’adua was emerged as Nigeria president he was the member of the ruling party peoples democratic party (PDP) to may 5 2010 (died in office) 5may 2010 Good luck Jonathan till 29 may – 2015  29 may 2015 president Muhammad Buhari till date.  In conclusion :- Nigeria up to 1800 – land and people of Nigeria aspects of culture history : the centralized state of Nigeria up to 1800; Kano and Borno Hausa, Nupe, Igala,Jukun, Ife, Oyo, Benue , Ijo and Itsekiri (Delta States) and Efiki; The non – centralized states of Nigeria; the Igbo,Ibibio, Urhobo and Isoko, Birom, Angas, and other peoples of the middle belt vegion; the coming of islam and its impact on Borno and the trans – atlantics slave trade; pre – 1800 inter – group relations of Nigeria of Nigeria ;of Nigeria people. Nigeria in the 19th century – the establishment of the Sokoto caliphate: Bornu Under the Sheus; the changing nature of European relations with Nigeria; New commercial development and their impact on the coastal state and their hinterland;  Yoruba land and Benin the British conquest of Nigeria and Nigeria in the 20th century -  the early phase of British rule, 1900 – 1914; colonial rule and its impact on Nigeria, 1914 – 1960; the decolonization process in Nigeria, 1922 – 1960 Nigeria since independence, Nigeria and wider world .   Reference:-   Eze , Titus Chinwenbal I Okpala lyril Sunday Ogbodo Joseph Charles Etal (2014 ‘’pattern of inequality in human development of economics, caritas university Amoriji – Nike, Emena Enugu state Nigeria ’’  university of Texas   Nigeria MDG Acceleration frameworks: A commitment to improved material health